In type1 [juvenile onset] diabetes mellitus there is the inability to release insulin in low rate of glucose uptake into muscles and adipose tissue. one consequence is a prolonged period of high blood glucose after carbohydrate rich meal.this condition gives glucose tolerance test used to diagonised diabetes
Antidiuretic hormone regulates water retention by mobilizing aquaporin-२ molecules stored .insulin mobilizes GLUT4 both at muscle and vessicle.Vessicle fussion with epithelial cells plasma membrane,water permeability greatly increase and more water becomes reabsorped from colleting duct which then returen to blood।
when anti-diuretic hormone level drops,aquaporin-२ become requestered within vessicles,reducing water retention .with relatively rare humane disease insipidus[genetic defect]aquaporin-२ displays water reabsorption by kidney showing copius volume excretion[very dilute urine].
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